Gupakira birambye ubu bigenda byiyongera mubyingenzi

Gupakira birambyeubu irimo kwiyongera mugihe abaguzi batangiye gusaba amahitamo arambye. Ubwoko bwo gupakira burambye burimo ibikoresho byose byangiza ibidukikije bikoreshwa mugupakira, kubika, gutwara, cyangwa kubika ibicuruzwa, harimo ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, ifumbire mvaruganda, ikoreshwa neza, ikoreshwa, hamwe n’ibipfunyika bishingiye ku bimera.
Gupakira birambyeifite inyungu nyinshi, zirimo kurengera ibidukikije, kugabanya imyanda, kuzigama ibiciro, kubahiriza, kuzamura ibicuruzwa, n'amahirwe yo kwisoko. Mugukoresha uburyo burambye bwo gupakira, ubucuruzi bushobora kubona inyungu mugihe butanga umusanzu urambye.
Hasi, turasobanura muburyo burambuye itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwo gupakira burambye, kimwe ninyungu nibibazo. Tuzareba kandi amabwiriza yinganda nubuziranenge hamwe nigihe kizaza cyo gupakira birambye.
Gupakira birambyebikubiyemo gukoresha ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya bugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa mu buzima bwayo bwose, kuva umusaruro kugeza kujugunywa. Harimo gukoresha ibikoresho bisubirwamo, bisubirwamo cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, kugabanya imyanda, guhitamo ingano nuburemere, no gukoresha inzira zangiza ibidukikije. Gupakira birambye bigamije kuringaniza ibikenewe byo gupakira hamwe no kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga umutungo.
Gupakira gakondo akenshi bikoresha ibikoresho bidasubirwaho kandi bitanga imyanda myinshi. Gupakira birambye bigamije kugabanya imikoreshereze y’umutungo, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukumira umwanda, bifasha kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kubungabunga umutungo kamere.
Gupakira ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bikoresha ibikoresho bitunganijwe neza cyangwa bitunganyirizwa mu kugabanya imyanda no guteza imbere gutunganya no gufumbira. Mugabanye imyanda yo gupakira, turashobora kugabanya umutwaro kumyanda no kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije ziterwa no guta.
Abaguzi barushijeho kumenya ingaruka zibidukikije kubyo baguze. Gupakira birambye birashobora kuzamura ikirango no kwiyambaza abakiriya bangiza ibidukikije bakunda ibicuruzwa birambye.
Guverinoma n’abagenzuzi ku isi barimo gushyiraho amategeko akomeye n’amahame agamije guteza imbere imikorere irambye. Kubahiriza aya mategeko ni ingenzi kubucuruzi gukomeza kubahiriza no kwirinda amande.
Iterambere ryagezweho mu nganda zipakira zirambye zirimo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe no gushishikazwa n’ibikoresho byangiza cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda, bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa nyuma yubuzima bwabo.
Ikirango cyibanze kandi ku gutunganya igishushanyo mbonera cyo kugabanya ibicuruzwa mu gihe bikingira ibicuruzwa. Ibi birimo gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye, kuvanaho ibice bitari ngombwa, no gushushanya ibipfunyika bihuye nibicuruzwa neza, kugabanya imyanda n’ibyuka bihumanya.
Gupakira ibinyabuzima bisanzwe byangirika na mikorobe nka bagiteri cyangwa ibihumyo hanyuma bigacika mubintu byoroshye, bidafite uburozi. Ibi bikoresho bigenda biologiya yitwa biodegradation, mugihe bigabanyijemo ibintu nka dioxyde de carbone, amazi na biomass. Gupakira ibinyabuzima bigenewe kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije nyuma yo kujugunywa no kugabanya ikwirakwizwa ry’imyanda ipakira mu myanda.
Gupakira bikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, aribyo bioplastique, impapuro namakarito, fibre naturel, gupakira ibihumyo na firime zishingiye kuri bio. Bioplastique ikozwe mubishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori, ibisheke cyangwa amavuta y'ibimera. Ukurikije ibihimbano nyabyo, bioplastique irashobora kuba ibinyabuzima, ifumbire, cyangwa byombi.
Impapuro n'ikarito bikoreshwa cyane mu gupakira kandi ni ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika. Byakozwe mubiti byimbaho ​​kandi birashobora kumeneka bisanzwe. Ibikoresho byo gupakira bikozwe muri fibre naturel nka hemp, imigano cyangwa jute birashobora kubora. Izi fibre zirashobora kuvugururwa kandi zigacika mugihe runaka. Filime ikozwe mubikoresho bishingiye kuri bio nka aside polylactique (PLA) cyangwa selile irashobora kubora kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira.
Gupakira ibinyabuzima bigabanya kwegeranya imyanda kandi bigabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije n’umutungo kamere. Ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bigabanyamo ibintu bidafite uburozi, bigabanya imyanda iri mu myanda kandi bigateza imbere ubukungu bw’umuzingi. Ibikoresho byinshi bishobora kwangirika biva mubishobora kuvugururwa, bikagabanya gushingira ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima n’ibikoresho bidasubirwaho. Ubu bwoko bwo gupakira bukunze gufatwa nkibidukikije kandi burashobora kuzamura ikirango mubakoresha ibidukikije.
Bimwe mubibi byo gupakira ibinyabuzima ni uko ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika akenshi bisaba ibintu bimwe na bimwe, nkubushyuhe runaka, ubushuhe, ndetse no kuba hari mikorobe, kugirango bisenye neza ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika. Niba ibi bintu bitujujwe, inzira ya biodegradation irashobora gutinda cyangwa kudakora neza.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kuvura birashobora gusabwa kubora neza ibyo bikoresho. Niba bidatoranijwe kandi bigakorwa neza, birashobora kwanduza imigezi ikoreshwa neza. Rimwe na rimwe usanga bihenze kuruta ibikoresho gakondo, bigira ingaruka kubiciro rusange byumusaruro no gupakira.
Ingero zimwe zubu bwoko bwo gupakira zirambye ni imifuka ya pulasitiki ishobora kwangirika, ibikoresho byifumbire mvaruganda, ibishyimbo byangiza ibishyimbo, hamwe nikawawa. Imifuka ya plastiki ikozwe muri plastiki ibora, nka aside polylactique (PLA), igabanyamo ibice bidafite uburozi. Ibikoresho byibiribwa bikozwe mubikoresho bibora nka bagasse cyangwa ibigori birashobora guhimbwa.
Ibikoresho byo kwisiga bikoreshwa mubipfunyika ni ibinyabuzima byangirika bipfunyika ibishyimbo bikozwe muri krahisi cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe. Igikombe cya kawa gikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kwangirika nkimpapuro cyangwa PLA bigenda byamamara nkuburyo bwibikombe bya Styrofoam bidasubirwaho. Filime ikozwe mubikoresho bibora nka PLA cyangwa selile ikoreshwa mugupakira no kurinda ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Gupakira ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora gushyirwa mubidukikije kandi ikabora mubintu kama idasize ibisigazwa byuburozi. Ifumbire ni uburyo busanzwe aho ibinyabuzima bisenya ibinyabuzima mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe na ogisijeni.
Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yifumbire mvaruganda nibishobora kwangirika ni uko ibintu byifumbire mvaruganda bisaba ibidukikije byangirika, mugihe ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika, mugihe bisaba bimwe mubintu byavuzwe haruguru, akenshi byangirika mubisanzwe mubihe bitandukanye.
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibikoresho byifumbire mvaruganda bikoreshwa mubipfunyika birimo plastiki ifumbire mvaruganda, impapuro namakarito, fibre yibihingwa, hamwe na biopolymers. Ifumbire mvaruganda ikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori cyangwa ibisheke kandi bigenewe kwangirika mugihe cy'ifumbire. Birashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye bipakira birimo imifuka, ibikoresho byokurya hamwe nibikoresho byo kumeza.
Gupakira bikozwe mumibabi y'ibimera nka bagasse (fibre y'ibisheke), ibyatsi by'ingano cyangwa imigano birashobora gufumbirwa. Iyi fibre isanzwe ikoreshwa mubikoresho byibiribwa, tray hamwe namasahani. Byongeye kandi, biopolymers karemano nka acide polylactique (PLA) cyangwa polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ikomoka kubutunzi bushobora kuvugururwa kandi irashobora gufumbirwa. Zikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye byo gupakira birimo firime, amacupa nibikombe.
Zimwe mu nyungu zo gupakira ifumbire mvaruganda ni uko igabanya imyanda kandi igateza imbere ubukungu. Igabanyijemo ibintu kama, bikungahaza ubutaka kandi bikagabanya ifumbire mvaruganda. Ibikoresho bipakira ifumbire mvaruganda birashobora kandi kuvana imyanda mu myanda, bikagabanya umutwaro kuri sisitemu yo gucunga imyanda no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bijyana n’imyanda. Ifumbire mvaruganda ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora kandi kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka nuburumbuke, biteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye.
Kimwe mubibi byo gupakira ifumbire mvaruganda ni uko bisaba ibintu bimwe na bimwe, harimo ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe na ogisijeni, kugirango bibore neza. Ibi bintu ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubihingwa byose by ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa ibimera byo murugo. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, kuboneka kw'ifumbire mvaruganda nabyo birashobora kuba bike, bigatuma bigorana kwemeza ko gupakira neza. Byongeye kandi, gupakira ifumbire mvaruganda bigomba gutandukanywa neza n’indi migezi y’imyanda kugirango birinde kwanduzwa, kuko ibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika bishobora kubangamira ifumbire.
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu bikoresho bifumbire nka bagasse cyangwa PLA bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitanga ibiribwa. Kurugero, ikawa ikoreshwa ikozwe mubikoresho bifumbire mvaruganda yamenyekanye cyane nkibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kubindi bikoresho bidasubirwaho. Imifuka ifumbire mvaruganda, ikozwe mubikoresho nka PLA cyangwa plastiki ifumbire mvaruganda, ikoreshwa cyane, harimo imifuka y'ibiryo, imifuka y'ibiribwa, hamwe n imifuka yimyanda.
Ibipapuro bisubizwa birashobora gukusanywa, gutondekanya no gukoreshwa kugirango bikoreshwe nkibikoresho fatizo kubicuruzwa bishya. Gutunganya ibicuruzwa bikubiyemo guhindura imyanda mu bikoresho byongera gukoreshwa, kugabanya ibikenerwa by’isugi no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubucukuzi n’umusaruro ku bidukikije.
Gupakira impapuro namakarito birashobora gukoreshwa kandi bigakoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bishya. Ibi bikoresho bikunze gukusanywa no kujugunywa binyuze muri gahunda yo gutunganya ibintu. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko butandukanye bwo gupakira plastike nkamacupa, kontineri na firime birashobora gukoreshwa. Gutunganya plastike bikubiyemo gutondeka no gutunganya imyanda ya plastike kugirango itange ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa fibre.
Gupakira ibirahuri nk'amacupa n'ibibindi birashobora gukoreshwa. Ikirahure kirashobora gukusanywa, kumenagura, gushonga no kubumbabumbwa mubikoresho bishya byikirahure cyangwa bigakoreshwa hamwe mubikoresho byubaka. Gupakira ibyuma, harimo amabati ya aluminiyumu n'ibikoresho by'ibyuma, birashobora gukoreshwa. Ibyuma biratandukanye, bishonga kandi bihinduka ibicuruzwa bishya.
Ibyiza byibi bipfunyika bidukikije ni uko gutunganya ibicuruzwa bigabanya ibikenerwa byibanze, bityo bikabika ingufu, amazi nibikoresho fatizo. Ibi bifasha kubungabunga umutungo kamere no kugabanya ingaruka zo gukuramo umutungo kubidukikije. Byongeye kandi, kongera gukoresha imyanda biva mu myanda kandi biteza imbere ubukungu buzenguruka mu kongera ubuzima bwibikoresho.
Inganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa nazo zitanga imirimo mugukusanya, gutunganya no gukora plastiki zongeye gukoreshwa nibindi bikoresho.
Gusubiramo bifite aho bigarukira. Imyanda igomba gutondekwa neza no kwanduzwa kugirango ikoreshwe neza. Ibihumanya nko kuvanga plastiki zitandukanye cyangwa ibisigazwa byibiribwa ku mpapuro no mu ikarito birashobora kwirinda gutunganya.
Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa remezo bihagije byo gutunganya, harimo sisitemu yo gukusanya hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gutunganya, ntibishobora kuboneka ku isi hose. Uruhare ruto muri gahunda yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa rushobora kandi kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutunganya.
Amacupa ya polyethylene terephthalate (PET) akunze gukoreshwa mubinyobwa biroroshye gukoreshwa. Birashobora gukusanywa, gutondekanya no gutunganyirizwa mumacupa mashya ya plastike cyangwa bigakoreshwa mugukora fibre yimyenda, itapi cyangwa ibindi bipfunyika birambye.
Amabati ya aluminiyumu akoreshwa mu binyobwa cyangwa gupakira ibiryo birashobora gukoreshwa. Gusubiramo aluminiyumu birimo kuyishonga kugirango ikore amabati mashya cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa.
Gupakira ibihingwa bivuga ibikoresho biva mu bimera bishobora kuvugururwa nk'ibihingwa, ibiti, cyangwa ibindi binyabuzima. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bitoranywa nkuburyo bwo gupakira gakondo biva mu bicanwa bya fosile cyangwa ibikoresho bidasubirwaho. Ibipfunyika bishingiye ku bimera bifite inyungu nyinshi, harimo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije, kubungabunga umutungo, hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’ibinyabuzima cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda.
Gupakira bishingiye ku bimera bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, kwita ku muntu ku giti cye ndetse na e-ubucuruzi. Irashobora gukoreshwa haba mubipfunyika byambere (guhuza ibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa), kimwe no mumashuri yisumbuye na kaminuza.
PLA ni bioplastique ikomoka kubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y'ibigori cyangwa ibisheke kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa nk'ibikombe, tray hamwe no gupakira ibiryo. Bagasse ni fibrous yibicuruzwa byabonetse mugutunganya ibisheke. Isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa bipakira ibiryo nk'isahani, ibikombe, n'ibikoresho byo gufata. Ibiti byimbaho, nkimpapuro namakarito, nabyo bikomoka ku bimera kandi bikoreshwa cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira.
Imwe mu nyungu zo gupakira zishingiye ku bimera ni uko ikomoka ku mutungo ushobora kuvugururwa nk'ibihingwa cyangwa ibihingwa bikura vuba bishobora kuzuzwa binyuze mu guhinga. Ibi bigabanya kwishingikiriza kumikoro make kandi biteza imbere iterambere rirambye. Ibikoresho bishingiye ku bimera nabyo mubisanzwe bifite ikirenge cyo hasi cya karuboni kuruta ibikoresho bishingiye kuri peteroli. Niyo mpamvu, zishobora gufasha kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu gihe cyo kubyara no kujugunya.
Ariko, ifite kandi aho igarukira, nkibipfunyika bishingiye ku bimera bishobora kuba bifite imikorere itandukanye n'ibikoresho gakondo. Kurugero, bimwe mubikomoka ku bimera bishobora kugira inzitizi zo hasi zigira ingaruka kubuzima bwiza cyangwa kurinda ibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, umusaruro wibikoresho bipfunyika bishingiye ku bimera biterwa nuburyo bukoreshwa mu buhinzi n’ubutaka. Guhinga ibihingwa byo gupakira birashobora kugira ingaruka kubidukikije nko gukoresha amazi, gutema amashyamba, cyangwa gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.
Gupakira byongeye gukoreshwa ni ibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi mbere yo gutunganywa cyangwa kujugunywa. Bitandukanye no gupakira ibintu, iyi paki yateguwe hamwe nigihe kirekire, kongera gukoresha no kugabanya imyanda mubitekerezo.
Gupakira bikoreshwa bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo gucuruza, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, e-ubucuruzi, n'ibikoresho. Irashobora gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibiryo, ubuvuzi bwihariye nibicuruzwa biramba.
Imifuka yubucuruzi yongeye gukoreshwa ikozwe mubikoresho biramba nka canvas, nylon, cyangwa imyenda itunganijwe ikoreshwa kenshi muburyo bwo gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike imwe. Ibikoresho byongera gukoresha ibiryo bikozwe mu kirahure, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa plastike iramba birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kubika no gutwara ibiryo, bikagabanya ibikenerwa rimwe gusa. Ibisanduku byongeye gukoreshwa, pallets hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutwara no gutanga ibikoresho birashobora gusubizwa no gukoreshwa, bikagabanya ibikenerwa byo gupakira.
Gupakira byongeye gukoreshwa bifite inyungu nyinshi kurenza ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa, harimo kugabanya imyanda, kubungabunga umutungo ndetse n’ingaruka nke ku bidukikije.
Ibi bipfunyika byangiza ibidukikije bigabanya cyane imyanda yabyaye kuko ishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi mbere yo kujugunywa, ifasha kurinda imyanda imyanda no kugabanya ibikenerwa mu bikoresho bipfunyika. Byongeye kandi, kongera gupakira bigabanya ibikenerwa byibanze, kuzigama ingufu, amazi nibikoresho fatizo.
Hanyuma, mugihe ibipfunyika byongeye gukoreshwa birashobora kugira ibiciro byimbere, birashobora kuzigama amafaranga mugihe kirekire. Abashoramari barashobora kugabanya ibiciro byo gupakira bashora imari mu buryo burambye, bushobora gukoreshwa bikuraho ibikenerwa kugura kenshi ibikoresho bipakurura.
Ariko, ishyirwa mubikorwa rya sisitemu yongeye gukoreshwa bisaba ibikorwa remezo nibikoresho nkibikoresho byo gukusanya, kweza no gukwirakwiza imiyoboro itanga amafaranga yinyongera no gutekereza kubikorwa.
Amahame yuburyo bwo gupakira burambye ni ukugabanya imikoreshereze yibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho bifite ingaruka nke kubidukikije, kongera imikorere no kugabanya ibikoresho byangiza.
Abashushanya gukora ibisubizo birambye byo gupakira barashaka amahitamo yoroheje mubunini bukwiye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa-bipakira. Gupakira byateguwe kugirango ukoreshe neza umwanya, ubwikorezi cyangwa kubika ibicuruzwa byinshi mubunini runaka, kugabanya ibyuka byoherezwa mu mahanga no kunoza ibikoresho.